System and method for retaining vaso-occlusive devices within an aneurysm

ABSTRACT

The present invention is directed to systems for occluding an aneurysm having an aneurysmal neck and an aneurysmal inner wall. Generally, a device in accordance with the present invention includes a mesh-like structure that is integrally composed of a shape-memory alloy such as NiTi. The device is deployed within the aneurysm through the aneurysmal neck. The device is configured to be in a deployed state and an undeployed state, and is configured to transition from the undeployed state to the deployed state by exposure to a higher temperature and/or by being unconstrained. The device may function to retain finer vaso-occlusive devices such as vaso-occlusive coils and/or embolic liquids. Furthermore, the device itself may function as a vaso-occlusive device.

RELATED APPLICATION DATA

The present application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/121,980 filed Apr. 12, 2002, which is herebyincorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to vaso-occlusion, and moreparticularly to systems and methods for retaining vaso-occlusive deviceswithin an aneurysm.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Different implantable medical devices have been developed for treating anumber of ailments associated with body lumens. In particular, occlusivedevices are useful in filling vascular or other body spaces. Some bodyspaces, such as vascular aneurysms, are formed due to a weakening in thewall of an artery. Often these aneurysms are the site of internalbleeding and stroke. A variety of different embolic agents are known tobe, at least arguably, suitable for treatment of these anomalies. Thesetreatments are commonly known as “artificial vaso-occlusion.”

Over the past few years, advancements in the artificial occlusion ofvessels and aneurysms have included the delivery and implantation ofmetal coils as vaso-occlusive devices. Implantable metal coils that areuseful as artificial occlusion devices in vasculature lumens oraneurysms are herein referred to as “vaso-occlusive coils.”Vaso-occlusive coils are generally constructed of a wire, usually madeof a metal or metal alloy that is wound to a helix. The vaso-occlusivecoil assumes an irregular shape upon discharge of the device from thedistal end of the catheter. A variety of vaso-occlusive coils are known.For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,069, issued to Ritchart et al., showsa flexible, preferably coiled, wire for use in small vesselvaso-occlusion. Unlike vaso-occlusive coils used prior to that time,Ritchart et al. teach a coil that is fairly soft and is delivered to thesite using a pusher within a catheter lumen. Upon discharge from thedelivery catheter, the coil may undertake any number of random orregular configurations used to fill the site.

The coils may be used for small vessel sites, e.g., 0.5-6 mm indiameter. The coils themselves are described as being between 0.010 and0.030 inches in diameter. The length of the coil wire is typically 15 to20 times the diameter of the vessel to be occluded. The wire used tomake up the coils may be, for instance, 0.002 to 0.006 inches indiameter. Tungsten, platinum, and gold threads or wires are said to bepreferred. These coils have a variety of benefits including the factthat they are relatively permanent, they may be easily imagedradiographically, they may be located at a well defined vessel site, andthey can be retrieved.

In addition to the various types of space filling mechanisms andgeometries of vaso-occlusive coils, other particularized features ofcoil designs, such as mechanisms for delivering vaso-occlusive coilsthrough delivery catheters and implanting them in a desired occlusionsite, have also been described. The examples of categories ofvaso-occlusive coils based upon their delivery mechanisms includepushable coils, mechanically detachable coils, and electrolyticallydetachable coils.

One example of the type of vaso-occlusive coil referred to above as the“pushable coil” is disclosed in Ritchart et al., discussed above.Pushable coils are commonly provided in a cartridge and are pushed or“plunged” from the cartridge into a delivery catheter lumen. A pusheradvances the pushable coil through and out of the delivery catheterlumen and into the site for occlusion.

Mechanically detachable vaso-occlusive coils are typically integratedwith a pusher rod and are mechanically detached from the distal end ofthat pusher after exiting a delivery catheter. Examples of suchmechanically detachable vaso-occlusive coils are found in U.S. Pat. No.5,261,916 to Engelson or U.S. Pat. No. 5,250,071 to Palermo.

Finally, examples of electrolytically detachable vaso-occlusive coilsmay be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,122,136 and 5,354,295, each issued toGuglielmi et al. In these devices, the vaso-occlusive portion of theassembly is attached to a pusher via a small, electrolytically severablejoint. The electrolytically severable joint is severed by the placementof an appropriate voltage on the core wire. The joint erodes inpreference either to the vaso-occlusive coil itself or to the pushercore wire.

As noted above, aneurysms present a particularly acute medical risk dueto the dangers of potential rupture of the thin wall inherent in suchaneurysms. Occlusion of aneurysms by use of vaso-occlusive coils withoutoccluding the adjacent artery is a special challenge and is a desirablemethod of reducing such risk of rupture. These vaso-occlusive devicesare typically placed in an aneurysm in a manner described in U.S. Pat.No. 4,739,768 issued to Engelson. In particular, a microcatheter isinitially steered into or adjacent to the entrance of an aneurysm,typically aided by the use of a steerable guidewire. The wire is thenwithdrawn from the microcatheter lumen and replaced by thevaso-occlusive coil. The vaso-occlusive coil is advanced through and outof the microcatheter, desirably being completely delivered into theaneurysm.

However, after, or perhaps during, delivery of the coil into theaneurysm, there is a specific risk that a portion of the coil mightmigrate out of the aneurysm entrance zone and into the feeding vessel.The presence of the coil in that feeding vessel may cause a highlyundesirable occlusion there. Also, there is a quantifiable risk that theblood flow in the vessel and aneurysm may induce movement of the coilfarther out of the aneurysm, resulting in a more developed embolus inthe feeding vessel.

One type of aneurysm, commonly known as a “wide neck aneurysm,” is knownto present particular difficulty in the placement and retention ofvaso-occlusive coils, because vaso-occlusive coils lacking substantialsecondary shape strength may be difficult to maintain in position withinan aneurysm no matter how skillfully they are placed. Wide neckaneurysms are herein referred to as aneurysms of vessel walls having aneck or “entrance zone” from the adjacent vessel, wherein the entrancezone has a diameter that either: (1) is at least 80% of the largestdiameter of the aneurysm; or (2) is clinically observed to be too wideeffectively to retain vaso-occlusive coils that are deployed using thetechniques discussed above.

One approach to occlude such an aneurysm is described in U.S. Pat. No.6,168,622, which describes a vaso-occlusive device with a secondaryshape having a bulbous body portion and an anchor. The bulbous bodyportion is deployed within the aneurysm while the anchor is set justoutside of the aneurysm, covering the aneurysm's neck or entrance zone.The device is integrally formed from a tube—clamped at both ends—ofbraided Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) wires. The bulbous body functions toocclude the aneurysm, while the anchor covers the entrance zone. In somecases, it may still be desirable to deploy vaso-occlusive coils withsuch a device, but the bulbous body of the vaso-occlusive device doesnot provide much space within the aneurysm to allow for insertion anddeployment of the coils.

Accordingly, an improved system and method for occluding an aneurysmneck would be desirable.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The present invention is directed to systems and methods for occludingan aneurysm having an aneurysmal neck and an aneurysmal inner wall.Generally, a device in accordance with the present invention includes amesh-like structure that may be integrally composed of a shape-memoryalloy such as NiTi. The device may be deployed within the aneurysmthrough the aneurysmal neck. The device may be configured to be in adeployed state and an undeployed state, and may be configured totransition from the undeployed state to the deployed state by exposureto a higher temperature and/or by being released from a compressiveforce. The device may function to retain finer vaso-occlusive devicessuch as vaso-occlusive coils and/or embolic liquids. Furthermore, thedevice itself may function as a vaso-occlusive device. The device may bedelivered to the aneurysm by, e.g., a catheter.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, at least oneof the proximal and distal ends of the mesh-like structure is configuredto be inserted through the aneurysmal neck when in an undeployed state,and configured to flare open and expand against at least a portion ofthe aneurysmal inner wall when in a deployed state. Having a flared openend may advantageously allow the device to conform to the shape of theaneurysm.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the distalend of the mesh-like structure may be configured to be inserted throughthe aneurysmal neck when in an undeployed state and configured to expandinto a retainer against at least a portion of the aneurysmal inner wallwhen in a deployed state. The proximal end may be configured to expandinto an anchor just outside of the aneurysm to secure the mesh-likestructure in position.

Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparentfrom consideration of the following description taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to better appreciate how the above-recited and other advantagesand objects of the present inventions are obtained, a more particulardescription of the present inventions briefly described above will berendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which areillustrated in the accompanying drawings. Understanding that thesedrawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are nottherefore to be considered limiting of its scope, the invention will bedescribed and explained with additional specificity and detail throughthe use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a vaso-occlusive device constructed inaccordance with a preferred embodiment of the present inventions,wherein the vaso-occlusive device is shown fully deployed within ananeurysm;

FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) illustrate one preferred method of manufacturing thevaso-occlusive device of FIG. 1 in accordance with the presentinventions;

FIG. 3 is an illustration of another vaso-occlusive device constructedin accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present inventions,wherein the vaso-occlusive device is shown fully deployed within ananeurysm;

FIG. 4 illustrates one preferred method of manufacturing thevaso-occlusive device of FIG. 3 in accordance with the presentinventions;

FIG. 5 is an illustration of still another vaso-occlusive deviceconstructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinventions, wherein the vaso-occlusive device is shown fully deployedwithin an aneurysm;

FIG. 6 illustrates one preferred method of manufacturing thevaso-occlusive device of FIG. 5 in accordance with the presentinventions;

FIG. 7 is an illustration of still another vaso-occlusive deviceconstructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinventions, wherein the vaso-occlusive device is shown fully deployedwithin an aneurysm;

FIG. 8 illustrates one preferred method of manufacturing thevaso-occlusive device of FIG. 7 in accordance with the presentinventions;

FIGS. 9(a)-(c) illustrate a preferred method of delivering and deployingthe vaso-occlusive device of FIG. 1 into the aneurysm;

FIGS. 10(a)-(d) illustrate a preferred method of delivering anddeploying the vaso-occlusive device of FIG. 7 into the aneurysm; and

FIGS. 11(a)-(c) illustrate a preferred method of delivering anddeploying the vaso-occlusive device of FIG. 5 into the aneurysm.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Turning to FIG. 1, a vaso-occlusive element 10 constructed in accordancewith a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown completelydeployed within an aneurysm 40 of a blood vessel 60. The aneurysm 40 isshown with an oppositely disposed neck 70 and dome 45. When deployed inits secondary shape, i.e., its deployed shape, the vaso-occlusiveelement 10 generally includes a central tubular element 15 and proximal20 and distal 30 ends that are flared open into “umbrella” shapes. Asillustrated, the flared opened ends 20/30 advantageously conform to theshape of the aneurysm 40. The diameter of the proximal end 20 of thevaso-occlusive element 10 is larger than the neck 70, and thus theproximal end 20 may completely cover the neck 70.

As will be described in further detail below, the vaso-occlusive element10 is manufactured from a relatively dense braid. In this manner, theproximal end 20 may densely cover the neck 70 and function as aretainer. Thus, finer vaso-occlusive devices, such as vaso-occlusivecoils or embolic liquids, may effectively be retained within theaneurysm 40, or at the least, the likelihood of these devices migratingout from the aneurysm 40 is minimized. Further, as can be appreciated byone of ordinary skill in the art, the relatively dense coverage of theproximal end 20 allows the vaso-occlusive element 10 itself to functionas a vaso-occlusive device. The flared open distal end 30 is placedadjacent the dome 45 of the aneurysm 40 and allows the element 10 tosafely conform to the shape of the dome 45. This allows for the distalend 30 to function as an anchor and secure itself within the aneurysm 40without the need to conform to the entire shape of the aneurysm 40.Thus, the element 10 may conform to a large variety of shapes and sizesof aneurysms 40 since the element 10 need only be secured within theaneurysm 40 by conforming the flared open distal end 30 to the dome 45.

Turning to FIGS. 2(a)-(b), one preferred method of manufacturing thevaso-occlusive device 10 will now be described. First, a braided tubularelement 1 is constructed by braiding multiple fine wires 2 together. Thetubular element 1 may also be formed of wires with varying diametersbraided together. It may be desirable to use a larger number of wires 2when forming the tubular element 1, resulting in a relatively densebraid, which provides denser coverage within the aneurysm 40.Optionally, the tubular element 1 may be radiopaque. One method involvesbraiding a radiopaque fiber, such as platinum, Pt, or gold, Au, into thetubular element 1. Another method involves plating or coating thetubular element 1 with radiopaque material. Additionally, one or moreradiopaque markers may be added to the tubular element 1.

Preferably, the wires 2 are made from a shape memory alloy, which can beof any type, but preferably is a “one way” trainable shape memory alloy.A preferable shape memory alloy for forming the braided tubular element1 is Nickel-Titanium (NiTi)—e.g., 144 strands of 0.001″ NiTi wires.Shape memory alloys comprise a unique class of metal alloys that, oncetrained, are configured to “remember” a preselected shape, i.e.,deployed shape, and can return to the preselected shape even ifsubsequently reshaped. To be trained to “remember” a first preselectedshape, the shape memory alloy is molded and heated at or above atraining, or austenite, temperature to place the shape memory alloy inan austenite phase. In the austenite phase, the shape memory alloy isformed in the first preselected shape and then, once formed, ispermitted to cool to a martensite finish temperature, whereupon theshape memory alloy enters a martensite phase. The martensite finishtemperature can be any temperature that is less than the trainingtemperature. Upon entering the martensite phase, the shape memory alloyhas been trained to “remember” the first preselected shape. While in themartensite phase, the alloy is in a soft state and is formed into asecond preselected shape, e.g., an undeployed shape. The shape memoryalloy in the martensite phase is configured to maintain the secondpreselected shape and, if subsequently reheated to an activationtemperature, automatically returns to the first preselected shape. Theactivation temperature can comprise any temperature that is greater thanthe martensite finish temperature and generally approximately equals thetraining temperature. Once the first preselected shape has beenrecovered, the shape memory alloy is configured to maintain the firstpreselected shape irrespective of temperature. Generally, as can beappreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the training,martensite finishing, and activation temperatures for a shape memoryalloy are adjustable, depending on the composition. For example, aslight extra amount of Nickel added to a NiTi alloy composition canchange the training temperature from 0.degree. C. to 100.degree. C.

Generally, the vaso-occlusive device 10 described above is delivered tothe aneurysm 40 via a delivery catheter. The catheter delivers thedevice 10 to the aneurysm 40 and during the delivery, the device 10maintains an undeployed shape, e.g., the original tubular shape—methodsof delivery will be described in more detail below. When the device 10is deployed, the device 10 expands into its deployed shape, e.g., havingflared open proximal and distal ends 20/30, as shown in FIG. 1. Using ashape memory alloy to form the device 10 provides for alternativemethods of expanding the device 10 into its deployed shape within theaneurysm 40.

One method involves configuring the device 10 to self-expand within theaneurysm 40 when deployed and exposed to the temperature of the aneurysm40. To configure the device 10 to self-expand within the aneurysm 40when deployed and exposed to the temperature of the aneurysm 40, thetraining and activation temperatures are adjusted to be at, or justbelow, the temperature of the aneurysm, which is approximately37.degree. Celsius—the human body temperature. The martensitetemperature is adjusted to be at a lower temperature. With thesetemperatures set, the device 10 is heated to, or above the trainingtemperature—austenite phase—and shaped into its desired deployed shape,as described above. Then, the temperature is lowered to, or below, themartensite finish temperature—martensite phase—and shaped into itsdesired undeployed shape. Subsequently, the device 10 is then placedinside the catheter as will be described below. The catheter can beconstructed of a material that insulates the device 10 from the outsideenvironment and maintains the temperature of the device 10 below theactivation temperature. Thus, when the catheter is inserted into thelumen 75 of the blood vessel 60, the device 10 does not expand into itsdeployed shape within the catheter. When the device 10 is deployed intothe aneurysm 40 and exposed to the aneurysm temperature, the temperatureof the device will rise at or above the activation temperature, and thedevice 10 will expand into its deployed shape. Because the alloy ispreferably “one way” trained, the device 10 will then be configured tomaintain the deployed shape irrespective of the temperature, asdescribed above.

An alternative method for expanding the device 10 into its deployedshape within the aneurysm utilizes the super-elastic characteristic ofshape memory alloys. After the device 10 is configured to maintain itsdeployed shape irrespective of the temperature, as described above, thedevice 10 is then maintained in its austenite phase. When the device 10is in its austenite phase, the device 10 is super-elastic, i.e., thedevice 10 may be deformed to a certain degree and still be able toreturn to its deployed shape. The device 10 is then placed within thecatheter as will be described below, with the inner wall of the cathetercompressing the device 10 into its undeployed shape. When the device 10is released out of the catheter into the aneurysm 40, the uncompresseddevice 10 automatically expands into its deployed shape because of itssuper-elasticity.

Further details on the structure and manufacturing process of braidedtubular elements 1 are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,168,622 issued toMazzochhi, column 4, line 33 to column 6, line 24, and FIGS. 1A and 1B,of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Forming the deployed shape shown in FIG. 1 is achieved by using twomandrels 85, each having a cylindrical portion 90 and an umbrelladome-shaped mold 85, as illustrated in FIG. 2(a). To flare open the endsof the element 1, each end is placed over the cylindrical portion 90 ofa mandrel 85 and compressed against the dome 85, causing the ends toconform to the shape of the dome 85 and flare open. The assembly of thetwo mandrels 80 and the element 1 is then heated at or above thetraining temperature to place the element 1 in the austenite phase. Theassembly is maintained at that temperature until the deployed shape hasbeen formed.

Then, the assembly is cooled to, or below, the martensite finishingtemperature to place the element 1 in the martensite phase. In themartensite phase, the mandrels 80 are removed from the element 1, andthe element 1 is formed into an undeployed shape, e.g., the originaltubular shape. This may be achieved by placing the element 1 over acylindrical mandrel 95 and compressing the flared ends to conform to theshape of the cylindrical mandrel 95, as shown in FIG. 2 b. Subsequently,the element 1 may be reheated to the activation temperature, causing theelement 1 to return to the deployed shape. Once the deployed shape hasbeen recovered, the element 1 is configured to maintain the deployedshape irrespective of temperature.

Turning to FIG. 3, another vaso-occlusive element 110 constructed inaccordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is showncompletely deployed within the aneurysm 40. As with the embodiment inFIG. 1, the vaso-occlusive element 110, when deployed, generallyincludes a central tubular element 115 and a flared distal end 130. Thevaso-occlusive element 110 further includes a proximal end 120 shaped asa flattened disk, which functions as a retainer. The proximal end 130has a diameter larger than the diameter of the neck 70, and thuscompletely covers the entrance zone 150. The flattened disk 130 has alayer of braided wires on both sides, and thus may advantageouslyprovide two layers of braided wires to cover the entrance zone 150instead of one layer with the flared open proximal end 20 shown inFIG. 1. As with the flared open distal end 30 of the vaso-occlusiveelement 10, shown in FIG. 1, the flared open distal end 130 is placedadjacent the dome 45 of the aneurysm 40 and allows the element 110 tosafely conform to the shape of the dome 45.

Turning to FIG. 4, one preferred method of manufacturing thevaso-occlusive device 110 shown in FIG. 3 will now be described. Asdescribed above, a braided tubular element 1 is first constructed.Forming the deployed shape is achieved by using one of the mandrels 85shown in FIG. 2(a) and the cylindrical mandrel shown in FIG. 2(b), asillustrated in FIG. 4. As described above, to flare open the distal endof the element 1, the distal end is placed over the cylindrical portion90 of the mandrel 85 with the dome 80 and compressed against the dome80, causing the distal end to flare open. To form the flattened disk120, the proximal end is placed on the cylindrical mandrel 95. Theproximal tip and a portion of the central tubular portion 115 are thencompressed together along the axis of the cylindrical mandrel 95. Thiscauses the proximal end to expand into a flattened disk 120.

The assembly of the two mandrels 80/95 and the element 1 is then heatedat or above the training temperature to place the element 1 in theaustenite phase. The assembly is maintained at that temperature untilthe deployed shape 110 has been formed. Then, the assembly is cooled to,or below, the martensite finishing temperature to place the element 110in the martensite phase. In the martensite phase, the mandrels 80/95 areremoved from the element 110, and the element 110 is formed into anundeployed shape, e.g., the original tubular shape 1. This is achievedby placing the element 110 over the cylindrical mandrel 95 andcompressing the flared open end and flattened disk to conform to theshape of the cylindrical mandrel 95, as shown in FIG. 2(b). If theelement 1 is configured to expand into its deployed shape upon exposureto a higher temperature, then the element 1 may be placed within adelivery catheter in preparation for deployment, as described above.Alternatively, if the element 110 is configured to expand upon beingreleased by a compressive force, then the element 1 is reheated to, orabove, the activation temperature, causing the element 1 to return tothe deployed shape 110 and to be configured to maintain the deployedshape 110 irrespective of temperature.

Turning to FIG. 5, another vaso-occlusive element 210 constructed inaccordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is showndeployed within the aneurysm 40. When in a deployed shape, the element210 generally includes a central portion 215 and a distal end flaredopen into a “cup” shape 230. Alternatively, the distal end may be flaredopen into a “cone” shape. The vaso-occlusive element 210 furtherincludes a proximal end 220 shaped as a flattened disk. The proximal end220 has a diameter larger than the diameter of the neck 70. Only theflared open cup shape 230 is deployed within the aneurysm 40, whereasthe flattened disk 220 is deployed in the lumen 75 of the blood vessel60 just outside of the aneurysm 40, functioning as an anchor for theelement 210. The cup shaped distal end 230 may retain finevaso-occlusive devices such as vaso-occlusive coils and embolic liquids.

Turning to FIG. 6, one preferred method of manufacturing thevaso-occlusive device 310 shown in FIG. 5 will now be described. Asdescribed above, a braided tubular element 1 is first constructed.Forming the deployed shape is achieved by using a mandrel 280 having acup shaped dome 285 facing outward coupled to a cylindrical portion 290and a cylindrical mandrel 95. To form the cup shape, the distal end ofthe element 1 is placed over the cylindrical portion 290 of the mandrel280 having the dome 285 and compressed against the dome 285, causing thedistal end to flare open into a cup shape. To form the flattened disk,the proximal end is placed over the cylindrical mandrel 95. The proximaltip and a portion of the central tubular portion 215 are then compressedtogether along the axis of the cylindrical mandrel 95. This causes theproximal end to expand into a flattened disk 220.

The assembly of the two mandrels 280/95 and the element 1 is then heatedat or above the training temperature to place the element 1 in theaustenite phase. The assembly is maintained at that temperature untilthe deployed shape 210 has been formed. Then, the assembly is cooled to,or below, the martensite finishing temperature to place the element 210in the martensite phase. In the martensite phase, the mandrels 280/95are removed from the element 210, and the element 210 is formed into anundeployed shape, e.g., the original tubular shape 1. This may beachieved by placing the element 210 over the cylindrical mandrel 95 andcompressing the flared open end and flattened disk to conform to theshape of the cylindrical mandrel 95. If the element 1 is configured toexpand into its deployed shape upon exposure to a higher temperature,then the element 1 may be placed within a delivery catheter inpreparation for deployment, as described above. Alternatively, if theelement 110 is configured to expand upon being released by a compressiveforce, then the element 1 is reheated to, or above, the activationtemperature, causing the element 1 to return to the deployed shape 110and to be configured to maintain the deployed shape 110 irrespective oftemperature.

Turning to FIG. 7, another vaso-occlusive element 310 constructed inaccordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is showndeployed within the aneurysm 40. When in a deployed shape, the element310 generally includes a central portion 315 and first and secondflattened disks 330/320 formed at the distal and proximal endsrespectively. Only the first flattened disk 330 at the distal end isdeployed within the aneurysm 40 whereas the second flattened disk 320 isdeployed within the lumen 75 of the blood vessel 60 just outside of theaneurysm 40, functioning as an anchor to secure the element 310 in itsposition. The first flattened disk 330 provides a wider coverage thanthe cup shape 230 shown in FIG. 5. As with the other devices describedabove, this device 310 may also retain fine vaso-occlusive devices suchas vaso-occlusive coils and embolic liquids. The central portion 315 maybe conventionally sealed to prevent the fine vaso-occlusive devices frommigrating out.

Turning to FIG. 8, one preferred method of manufacturing thevaso-occlusive device 310 shown in FIG. 7 will now be described. Asdescribed above, a braided tubular element 1 is first constructed.Forming the deployed shape is achieved by using a cylindrical mandrel95, as illustrated in FIG. 8. To form the first flattened disk 330, thedistal end is placed on the cylindrical mandrel 95. The distal tip and aportion of the central tubular portion 315 are then compressed togetheralong the axis of the cylindrical mandrel 95. This causes the distal endto expand into a flattened disk 330. To form the second flattened disk320, the proximal end is placed on the cylindrical mandrel 95. Theproximal tip and a portion of the central tubular portion 315 are thencompressed together along the axis of the cylindrical mandrel 95. Thiscauses the proximal end to expand into a flattened disk 320.

The assembly of the mandrel 95 and the element 1 is then heated at orabove the training temperature to place the element 1 in the austenitephase. The assembly is maintained at that temperature until the deployedshape 310 has been formed. Then, the assembly is cooled to, or below,the martensite finishing temperature to place the element 310 in themartensite phase. In the martensite phase, the mandrel 95 is removedfrom the element 310, and the element 310 is formed into an undeployedshape, e.g., the original tubular shape 1. This may be achieved byplacing the element 310 over the cylindrical mandrel 95 and compressingthe flattened disks 320/330 to conform to the shape of the cylindricalmandrel 95, as shown in FIG. 2(b). If the element 1 is configured toexpand into its deployed shape upon exposure to a higher temperature,then the element 1 may be placed within a delivery catheter inpreparation for deployment, as described above. Alternatively, if theelement 110 is configured to expand upon being released by a compressiveforce, then the element 1 is reheated to, or above, the activationtemperature, causing the element 1 to return to the deployed shape 110and to be configured to maintain the deployed shape 110 irrespective oftemperature.

Generally, as mentioned above, the vaso-occlusive devices describedabove are delivered to an aneurysm within a blood vessel via a deliverycatheter. Referring to FIGS. 9(a)-(c), a method of deploying avaso-occlusive device, and in this case the vaso-occlusive device 10, tothe aneurysm 40 via a delivery catheter 450 is illustrated. Turningfirst to FIG. 9(a), the catheter 450 is steered to just within the neck70 of the aneurysm 40. At this point, the vaso-occlusive device 10 is inits undeployed shape, and is coupled to an inner guidewire 465 via anelectrolytically severable joint 455. The assembly of the vaso-occlusivedevice 10 and the guidewire 465 extends through the lumen of thedelivery catheter 450 such that the device 10 is positioned at thedistal end of the catheter 450.

Turning to FIG. 9(b), the guidewire 465 is then pushed toward the distalend of the catheter 450 causing the vaso-occlusive device 10 to extendout of the distal end of the catheter 450, through the neck 70, and intothe aneurysm 40. As the vaso-occlusive device 10 is pushed out of thecatheter 450, the portion of the device 10 that is free from theconstraints of the catheter 450 expands into its deployed shape, e.g.,the distal end 30 flares open.

As described above, the device 10 may be configured to be in itsmartensite phase when delivered to the aneurysm 40 and expand uponexposure to the temperature of the aneurysm 40. Thus, when outside ofthe catheter 450, the temperature of the device 10 rises and the device10 enters the austenite phase and expands into its deployed shape.Alternatively, the device 10 may be configured to be super-elastic andautomatically expand upon being—unconstrained by the catheter 450.

Turning now to FIG. 9(c), the guidewire 465 continues to push the device10 out of the catheter until the proximal end 20 of the device 10 isdeployed within the aneurysm 40, expanding into its deployed shape,e.g., the proximal end 20 flares open, as described above with thedistal end 30. To release the device 10 from the catheter 450 a currentis applied to the guidewire 465, which causes the joint 455 to severfrom the proximal end 20 of the catheter 10. Further discussion of theconstruction of, placement of, and other physical details of suchelectrolytically severable joints may be found in U.S. Pat. No.5,122,136 to Guglielmi et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,295 to Guglielmi etal.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,449 to Pham et al; and others. It should benoted that other types of vaso-occlusive devices, such as vaso-occlusivedevice 110, can be delivered within the aneurysm 40 in the mannerdescribed immediately above.

Alternatively, referring to FIGS. 10(a)-(c), a retractable sheath methodof delivering a vaso-occlusive device, and in this case vaso-occlusivedevice 310, to the aneurysm 40 is illustrated. Turning to FIG. 10(a),the catheter 550 is steered to just within the neck 70 of the aneurysm40. At this point, the vaso-occlusive device 10 is in its undeployedshape, and is placed over an inner guidewire 565 that extends throughthe lumen 580 of the delivery catheter 565. The outer wall 555 of thecatheter 565 that defines the lumen 580 functions as a sheath. Theassembly of the vaso-occlusive device 310 and the guidewire 565 extendsthrough the lumen 580 of the delivery catheter 450 such that the device10 is positioned at the distal end of the catheter 550.

Turning to FIG. 10(b), the guidewire 565 is then pushed so that thedistal end of vaso-occlusive device 310 extends out of the catheter 550,through the neck 70, and into the aneurysm 40. Once unconstrained fromthe catheter 550, the distal end 330 of the device 310 is allowed toexpand into a first flattened disk adjacent the inner wall near the neck70 within the aneurysm 40.

As described above, the device 310 may be configured to be in itsmartensite phase when delivered to the aneurysm 40 and expand uponexposure to the temperature of the aneurysm 40. Thus, when outside ofthe catheter 550, the temperature of the device 310 rises and the device310 enters the austenite phase and expands into its deployed shape.Alternatively, the device 310 may be configured to be super-elastic andexpand upon being unconstrained by the catheter 550.

Turning now to FIG. 10(c), the guidewire 565 continues to push thedevice 310 out of the catheter until the proximal end 320 of the device310 is deployed just outside of the aneurysm 40, expanding into itsdeployed shape, e.g., a second flattened disk, as described above withthe distal end 330. To release the device 310 from the catheter 450, theguidewire 565 is pulled out of the device 310 and the catheter 550 ispulled out of the aneurysm 40 and blood vessel 60. The expanded 310device is secured in position within the aneurysm 40 and will not bepulled out with the catheter 550. It should be noted that other types ofvaso-occlusive devices, such as vaso-occlusive device 310, can bedelivered within the aneurysm 40 in the manner described immediatelyabove.

As mentioned above, a vaso-occlusive device, such as vaso-occlusivedevice 310, may function as a vaso-occlusive device and/or function as avaso-occlusive device retainer. In this regard, after deployment, finervaso-occlusive devices 730 may be delivered into the aneurysm 40 to beretained by the device 310, as illustrated in FIG. 10(d). This isachieved by maintaining an axial lumen within a vaso-occlusive device toallow a catheter 740 to fit through and insert materials such asvaso-occlusive coils 730 or embolic liquids to further improvethrombogenecity within the aneurysm 700.

In another alternative, turning to FIGS. 11(a)-(c), a push method ofdelivering a vaso-occlusive device, and in this case vaso-occlusivedevice 210, to the aneurysm 40 is illustrated. Turning to FIG. 11(a),the catheter 650 is steered to just within the neck 70 of the aneurysm40. At this point, the vaso-occlusive device 210 is in its undeployedshape, and is placed within the lumen 680 of a delivery catheter 650near the distal tip of the catheter 650, which is steered to aneurysm40, just outside of the neck 70. A guidewire 665, extending through thelumen 655 is positioned such that it is capable of pushing the device210 out of the catheter 650 and into the aneurysm 40, where the device230 may expand into its deployed shape, as described above.

Turning to FIG. 11(b), the guidewire 665 is then pushed so that thedistal end of vaso-occlusive device 210 extends out of the catheter 650,through the neck 70, and into the aneurysm 40. Once unconstrained fromthe catheter 550, the distal end 230 of the device 210 is allowed toexpand into a flared open cup shape adjacent the inner wall near theneck 70 within the aneurysm 40.

As described above, the device 210 may be configured to be in itsmartensite phase when delivered to the aneurysm 40 and expand uponexposure to the temperature of the aneurysm 40. Thus, when outside ofthe catheter 650, the temperature of the device 210 rises and the device210 enters the austenite phase and expands into its deployed shape.Alternatively, the device 210 may be configured to be super-elastic andexpand upon being unconstrained by the catheter 650.

Turning now to FIG. 11(c), the guidewire 665 continues to push thedevice 210 out of the catheter until the proximal end 220 of the device210 is deployed just outside of the aneurysm 40, expanding into itsdeployed shape, e.g., a flattened disk, as described above with thedistal end 230. The catheter 650 is then pulled out of the aneurysm 40and blood vessel 60 to separate itself from the device 210. The expanded210 device is secured in position within the aneurysm 40 and will not bepulled out with the catheter 650. It should be noted that other types ofvaso-occlusive devices, such as vaso-occlusive device 210, can bedelivered within the aneurysm 40 in the manner described immediatelyabove.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown anddescribed, various modifications may be made without departing from thespirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modificationsand equivalents are intended to be covered.

1. A vaso-occlusive device for use in occluding an aneurysm having ananeurysmal neck and an aneurysmal inner wall, comprising: a mesh-likestructure comprising a proximal end and a distal end, the distal endconfigured to be inserted through the aneurysmal neck when in anundeployed state, and configured to flare open and expand against atleast a portion of the aneurysmal inner wall when in a deployed state,the proximal end configured to flare open and expand against one of aportion of the aneurysmal inner wall, and a portion of a vessel walladjacent to the aneurysmal neck, when in a deployed state, wherein themesh-like structure further comprises a tubular element extendingbetween the proximal and distal ends.
 2. The vaso-occlusive device ofclaim 1, wherein the proximal end is configured to be inserted throughthe aneurysmal neck when in an undeployed state, and to flare open andexpand against at least a portion of the aneurysmal inner wall when in adeployed state, and wherein the tubular element is sized to fit withinthe aneurysm when in a deployed state.
 3. The vaso-occlusive device ofclaim 1, wherein the proximal end is configured to flare open and expandagainst at least a portion of the vessel wall adjacent to the aneurysmalneck when in a deployed state, and wherein the tubular element is sizedto fit through the aneurismal neck when in a deployed state.
 4. Thevaso-occlusive device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the proximalend and distal end is configured to expand by heat activation into thedeployed state.
 5. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 1, wherein atleast one of the proximal end and distal end is configured to expandinto the deployed state upon release of a compressive force.
 6. Thevaso-occlusive device of claim 1, wherein the mesh-like structure isformed from a plurality of braided fine wires.
 7. The vaso-occlusivedevice of claim 1, wherein the mesh-like structure is composed of a NiTialloy.
 8. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 6, wherein the fine wireshave varying diameters.
 9. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 6, whereinone or more of the fine wires are radiopaque.
 10. The vaso-occlusivedevice of claim 1, wherein the mesh-like structure is coated withradiopaque material.
 11. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 1, furthercomprising radiopaque markers coupled to the mesh-like structure.
 12. Acatheter assembly for occluding an aneurysm having an aneurysmal neckand an aneurysmal inner wall, comprising: a delivery catheter having adistal end; and a mesh-like structure detachably coupled to the distalend of the catheter, the mesh-like structure comprising a proximal endand a distal end, the distal end configured to be inserted through theaneurysmal neck when in an undeployed state, and configured to flareopen and expand against at least a portion of the aneurysmal inner wallwhen in a deployed state, the proximal end configured to flare open andexpand against one of a portion of the aneurysmal inner wall, and aportion of a vessel wall adjacent to the aneurysmal neck, when in adeployed state, wherein the mesh-like structure further comprises atubular element extending between the proximal and distal ends.
 13. Thecatheter assembly of claim 12, wherein the proximal end is configured tobe inserted through the aneurysmal neck when in an undeployed state, andto flare open and expand against at least a portion of the aneurysmalinner wall when in a deployed state, and wherein the tubular element issized to fit within the aneurysm when in a deployed state.
 14. Thecatheter assembly of claim 12, wherein the proximal end is configured toflare open and expand against at least a portion of the vessel walladjacent to the aneurysmal neck when in a deployed state, and whereinthe tubular element is sized to fit through the aneurismal neck when ina deployed state
 15. The catheter assembly of claim 12, wherein the atleast one of the proximal end and distal end is configured to expand byheat activation into the deployed state.
 16. The catheter assembly ofclaim 12, wherein the at least one of the proximal end and distal end isconfigured to expand into the deployed state upon releasing acompressive force.
 17. The catheter assembly of claim 12, wherein themesh-like structure is formed from a plurality of braided fine wires.18. The catheter assembly of claim 12, wherein the mesh-like structureis composed of a NiTi alloy.
 19. The catheter assembly of claim 17,wherein the fine wires have varying diameters.
 20. The catheter assemblyof claim 17, wherein the fine wires are radiopaque.
 21. The catheterassembly of claim 12, wherein the mesh-like structure is coated withradiopaque material.
 22. The catheter assembly of claim 12, furthercomprising radiopaque markers coupled to the mesh-like structure. 23.The catheter assembly in claim 12, wherein the mesh-like structure iscapable of being delivered to the aneurysm using a method selected froma group consisting of an electrolytically severable method, aretractable sheath method, and a push method.
 24. A vaso-occlusivedevice for use in occluding an aneurysm having an aneurysmal neck and ananeurysmal inner wall, the aneurysm residing in a vessel having a vesselinner wall, the device comprising: a mesh-like structure comprising aretainer and an anchor, the retainer configured to be inserted throughthe aneurysmal neck when in an undeployed state, and configured toexpand against a portion of the aneurysmal inner wall surrounding theaneurysmal neck when in a deployed state, wherein a portion of theaneurysmal inner wall is not covered by the mesh-like structure, theanchor configured to expand against a portion of the vessel inner walladjacent the aneurysmal neck when in a deployed state wherein the anchoris shaped as a flattened disk.
 25. The vaso-occlusive device of claim24, wherein the mesh-like structure further comprises a central tubularelement, and the retainer and anchor are formed at opposing ends of thecentral tubular element.
 26. The vaso-occlusive device in claim 24,wherein the retainer is shaped as a flattened disk.
 27. Thevaso-occlusive device in claim 24, wherein the retainer is shaped as aflared open cup.
 28. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 24, wherein theretainer and anchor are configured to expand by heat activation into thedeployed state.
 29. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 24, wherein theretainer and anchor are configured to expand into the deployed statewhen unconstrained.
 30. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 24, whereinthe mesh-like structure is formed from a plurality of braided finewires.
 31. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 24, wherein the mesh-likestructure is composed of a NiTi alloy.
 32. The vaso-occlusive device ofclaim 30, wherein the plurality of fine wires have varying diameters.33. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 30, wherein the fine wires areradiopaque.
 34. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 24, wherein themesh-like structure is coated with radiopaque material.
 35. Thevaso-occlusive device of claim 24, further comprising radiopaque markerscoupled to the mesh-like structure.
 36. A catheter assembly foroccluding an aneurysm having an aneurysmal neck and an aneurysmal innerwall, comprising: a delivery catheter having a distal end; and amesh-like structure detachably coupled to the distal end of thecatheter, the mesh-like structure comprising a retainer and an anchor,the retainer configured to be inserted through the aneurysmal neck whenin an undeployed state, and configured to expand against a portion ofthe aneurysmal inner wall surrounding the aneurysmal neck when in adeployed state, wherein a portion of the aneurysmal inner wall is notcovered by the mesh-like structure, the anchor configured to expandagainst a portion of the vessel inner wall adjacent the aneurysmal neckwhen in a deployed state wherein the anchor is shaped as a flatteneddisk.
 37. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 36, wherein the mesh-likestructure further comprises a central tubular element, and the retainerand anchor are formed at opposing ends of the central tubular element.38. The vaso-occlusive device in claim 36, wherein the retainer isshaped as a flattened disk.
 39. The vaso-occlusive device in claim 36,wherein the retainer is shaped as a flared open cup.
 40. Thevaso-occlusive device of claim 36, wherein the retainer and anchor areconfigured to expand by heat activation into the deployed state.
 41. Thevaso-occlusive device of claim 36, wherein the retainer and anchor areconfigured to expand into the deployed state when unconstrained.
 42. Thevaso-occlusive device of claim 36, wherein the mesh-like structure isformed from a plurality of braided fine wires.
 43. The vaso-occlusivedevice of claim 36, wherein the mesh-like structure is composed of aNiTi alloy.
 44. The vaso-occlusive device of claim 42, wherein theplurality of fine wires have varying diameters.
 45. The vaso-occlusivedevice of claim 42, wherein the fine wires are radiopaque.
 46. Thevaso-occlusive device of claim 36, wherein the mesh-like structure iscoated with radiopaque material.
 47. The vaso-occlusive device of claim36, further comprising radiopaque markers coupled to the mesh-likestructure.